Surface water undergoes many processes before it reaches a consumer's tap. When water enters a treatment plant the rapid mixing of coagulants such as aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and organic polymers into the water.

Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused.

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater, containing mainly household sewage. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants that is safe enough for release into the environment.

Arsenic removal filter make use of an adsorption media to purify the arsenic contaminated ground / surface potable water & provide safe drinking water free from primary contaminant like arsenic as well as certain other trace toxic elements to varying degree. It can be adopted at both domestic and community level.

Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes and fittings.

Oxidation/filtration refers to precipitative processes that are designed to remove naturally occurring iron and manganese from water. The processes involve the oxidation of the soluble forms of iron and manganese to their insoluble forms and then removal by filtration.